Walters Ms. W.659, Turkish version of the Wonders of creation

W.659

Turkish version of the Wonders of creation

Tercüme-yi ʿAcāʾib ül-maḫlūḳāt

Vernacular: ترجمه عجائب المخلوقات

Authority name: Qazwīnī, Zakarīyā ibn Muḥammad, ca. 1203-1283

Supplied name: Zakarīyā ibn Muḥammad al-Qazwīnī

Name, in vernacular: زكريا بن محمد القزويني

This is an Ottoman illuminated and illustrated Turkish version of ʿAjāʾib al-makhlūqāt (Wonders of creation) by Zakarīyā al-Qazwīnī (d. 692 AH / 1293 CE), made at the request of the Vizier Murtaza Paşa (Murtaḍá Pāshā) (fl. eleventh century AH / seventeenth CE). The codex was completed in 1121 AH / 1717 CE by Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Shākir Rūzmah-ʾi Nāthānī. There are 444 paintings illustrating the text. The binding is not original to the manuscript.

12 Ramaḍān 1121 AH / 1717 CE

Turkey

As-written name: Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Shākir Rūzmah-ʾi Nāthānī

Name, in vernacular: محمد بن محمد شاكر روزمه ناثاني

Note: Scribe name in Turkish transliteration: Muḥammed bin Muḥammed Şāker Rūzmeh-’i Nās̱ānī

Book

Historical

Scientific

Astrological

The primary language in this manuscript is Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928). The secondary language of this manuscript is Arabic.

fol. 303a:

1. Transliteration: ḥarrarahu al-faqīr al-ḥaqī Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad /1/ Shākir Rūzmah-ʾi Nāthānī /2/ ghaffara Allāh dhunūbahu wa-li-wālidayy [sic] /3/ wa-aḥsana ilayhimā wa-ilahi /4/ sanah 1121 /5/ fī 12 n (=Ramaḍān)
2. Comment: Written in Arabic, giving the name of the scribe and the date of copying

Paper

European laid paper (watermark unidentified)

Foliation: i+304+i

Last folio blank

Catchwords: Written obliquely on versos

20.0 cm wide by 33.0 cm high

12.0 cm wide by 24.5 cm high

1. Columns: 1
2. Ruled lines: 21

fols. 2b - 303a:

1. Title: Tercüme-yi ʿAcāʾib ül-maḫlūḳāt
2. Author: Qazwīnī, Zakarīyā ibn Muḥammad, ca. 1203-1283
3. Scribe: Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Shākir Rūzmah-ʾi Nāthānī
4. Incipit: حمد جميع محامد وثناء هر راكع وساجد ...
5. Text note: Chapter headings and quotations in Arabic
6. Hand note: Written in vocalized naskh script in black, with some words in red
7. Decoration note: Four hundred forty-four illustrations; illuminated headpiece (fol. 2b); tailpiece consisting of two trees surrounding a colophon (fol. 303a); frame

fol. 2b:

1. 
2. Title: Incipit page with illuminated headpiece
3. Form: Incipit; headpiece

fol. 8b:

1. 
2. Title: Orbit of the moon
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts the orbit of the moon (falak al-qamar).

fol. 9b:

1. 
2. Title: Formation of the crescent of the moon
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 10a:

1. 
2. Title: Lunar eclipse
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts the lunar eclipse (khusūf).

fol. 11a:

1. 
2. Title: Orbit of Mercury
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts the orbit of Mercury (falak ʿuṭārid).

fol. 11b:

1. 
2. Title: Mercury
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 12a:

1. 
2. Title: Orbit of Venus and Venus
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict the orbit of Venus (falak al-zuharah) and Venus.

fol. 12b:

1. 
2. Title: Orbit of the sun
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts the orbit of the sun (falak al-shams).

fol. 13a:

1. 
2. Title: Symbol of the sun
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 13b:

1. 
2. Title: Solar eclipse
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts the solar eclipse (kusūf).

fol. 14b:

1. 
2. Title: Symbol of Mars
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts the symbol of Mars (al-mirrīkh).

fol. 15a:

1. 
2. Title: Jupiter and Saturn
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Jupiter (al-mushtarī) and Saturn (al-zukhal).

fol. 15b:

1. 
2. Title: Orbit of the fixed stars
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts the orbit of the fixed stars (falak al-thawābit).

fol. 16b:

1. 
2. Title: Ursa Minor and Ursa Major
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Ursa Minor (al-dubb al-aṣghar) and Ursa Major (al-dubb al-akbar).

fol. 17a:

1. 
2. Title: Draco
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts Draco (al-tinnīn).

fol. 17b:

1. 
2. Title: Cepheus and Corona Borealis
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Cepheus (al-qayqāwus) and Corona Borealis (al-iklīl).

fol. 18a:

1. 
2. Title: Corona Borealis and Herculis
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Corona Borealis (al-fakkah) and Herculis (al-jāthī).

fol. 18b:

1. 
2. Title: Lyre and Cygnus
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Lyre (al-shalyāq) and Cygnus (al-dajājah).

fol. 19a:

1. 
2. Title: Cassiopeia and Perseus
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Cassiopeia (Dhāt al-kursī) and Perseus (Barshāvush).

fol. 20a:

1. 
2. Title: Serpentarius, Sagitta, and Aquila
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Serpentarius (Ḥawwā), Sagitta (kawkab al-sahm), and Aquila (al-ʿuqāb).

fol. 20b:

1. 
2. Title: Delphinus and Equuleus
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Delphinus (al-dalfīn) and Equuleus (qiṭʿat al-faras).

fol. 21a:

1. 
2. Title: Pegasus and Andromeda
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Pegasus (al-faras al-aʿẓam) and Andromeda (al-musalsalah).

fol. 21b:

1. 
2. Title: Pegasus (caption missing) and Triangulium
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 22a:

1. 
2. Title: Aries
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts Aries (al-ḥamal).

fol. 22b:

1. 
2. Title: Taurus and Gemini
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Taurus (al-thawr) and Gemini (al-tawʾamān).

fol. 23a:

1. 
2. Title: Cancer and Leo
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Cancer (al-saraṭān) and Leo (al-asad).

fol. 23b:

1. 
2. Title: Virgo and Libra
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depicts Virgo (ʿadhrā’) and Libra (mīzān).

fol. 24a:

1. 
2. Title: Scorpio and Sagittarius
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Scorpio (al-ʿaqrab) and Sagittarius (al-rāmī).

fol. 24b:

1. 
2. Title: Capricorn and Aquarius
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Capricorn (al-jadī) and Aquarius (sākib al-māʾ).

fol. 25a:

1. 
2. Title: Pisces and Cetus
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Pisces (al-samakatān) and Cetus (al-fīṭus).

fol. 25b:

1. 
2. Title: Orion
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts Orion (here given as al-ḥayyān, properly al-jabbār).

fol. 26a:

1. 
2. Title: Eridanus and Lepus
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Eridanus (al-nahr) and Lepus (al-arnab).

fol. 26b:

1. 
2. Title: Canis Major, Canis Minor, and Argo
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Canis Major (al-kalb al-akbar), Canis Minor (al-kalb al-muqʿad), and Argo (al-safīnah).

fol. 27a:

1. 
2. Title: Hydra, Crater, and Corvus
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Hydra (al-shujāʿ), Crater (al-bāṭiyah), and Corvus (al-ghurāb).

fol. 27b:

1. 
2. Title: Centaurus and Lupus
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Centaurus (fanṭaurus) and Lupus (al-sabuʿ).

fol. 28a:

1. 
2. Title: Ara, Corona Australis, and Pisces Australis
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict Ara (al-mijmarah), Corona Australis (al-Iklīl al-janūbī), and Pisces Australis (kawkabat al-janūbī).

fol. 39a:

1. 
2. Title: Diagram showing the distribution and direction of the four winds
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 41a:

1. 
2. Title: Rainbow
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a rainbow (quzḥah).

fol. 43a:

1. 
2. Title: The first two of the four carriers of the firmament (animal and angelic)
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 43b:

1. 
2. Title: The second two carriers of the firmament (lion and vulture)
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 44a:

1. 
2. Title: A soul symbolized as an angel
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 45a:

1. 
2. Title: The angel Isrāfīl
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 46a:

1. 
2. Title: The Archangel Gabriel
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts the Archangel Gabriel (Jibrāʾīl).

fol. 46b:

1. 
2. Title: The Archangel Michael
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts the Archangel Michael (Mikāʾīl).

fol. 48a:

1. 
2. Title: Two angels
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict two angels, the name of the first missing and the second called Ismāʿīl (represented by a bull).

fol. 48b:

1. 
2. Title: Three angels
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict three angels, Mikhā’īl (represented by a hawk), Ṣāʿidyāʾil (represented by a vulture), and Ṣalṣāʾīl (represented by a horse).

fol. 49a:

1. 
2. Title: The angels Kalkāʾīl and Shamshāʾīl
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 49b:

1. 
2. Title: The angel Rawyāʾīl
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 50b:

1. 
2. Title: Two angels, with a man in the middle charged to write down his good and bad deeds
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 51a:

1. 
2. Title: The angels called Muʿaqqibāt
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts the angels called Muʿaqqibāt, who are charged with bringing blessings from the sun and taking the good deeds of men to heaven.

fol. 51b:

1. 
2. Title: The angels Munkir and Nakīr
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts the angels Munkir and Nakīr, who are charged with questioning deceased people.

fol. 52b:

1. 
2. Title: The angels Hārūt and Mārūt hanging as a punishment for being critical of Adam’s fall
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 57b:

1. 
2. Title: Hāmān cuts a branch, with a bear on it, for the lion beneath the tree
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 74a:

1. 
2. Title: Burāq (the Prophet Muḥammad's horse)
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 76a:

1. 
2. Title: King Solomon’s horse
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 76b:

1. 
2. Title: A horse
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 80a:

1. 
2. Title: A lion
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 81a:

1. 
2. Title: A mule
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 84b:

1. 
2. Title: A donkey and a wild ass
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 87b:

1. 
2. Title: A camel
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 90a:

1. 
2. Title: A cow or a bull
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 90b:

1. 
2. Title: A wild cow or bull
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 91b:

1. 
2. Title: A buffalo
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 92a:

1. 
2. Title: A giraffe
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 92b:

1. 
2. Title: A sheep
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 93a:

1. 
2. Title: A goat
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 93b:

1. 
2. Title: A gazelle
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 94b:

1. 
2. Title: A wild goat
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 95a:

1. 
2. Title: A jackal
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 95b:

1. 
2. Title: A weasel
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 96a:

1. 
2. Title: A rabbit and a tiger
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 98b:

1. 
2. Title: A fox and a young billy goat
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a fox and a young billy goat (ḥarīs?).

fol. 100b:

1. 
2. Title: A pig (hog)
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 101b:

1. 
2. Title: A bear and a hay-weasel
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 103b:

1. 
2. Title: A wolf and a gray squirrel
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 104a:

1. 
2. Title: An elephant-like animal
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts an elephant-like animal (sannād).

fol. 105a:

1. 
2. Title: A cat
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 105b:

1. 
2. Title: A wild cat and an animal called sīrāyis
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 106a:

1. 
2. Title: An animal with one horn (name illegible)
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 107a:

1. 
2. Title: A hyena and a lynx
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 107b:

1. 
2. Title: A cheetah
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a cheetah (fahd).

fol. 109a:

1. 
2. Title: An elephant
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 109b:

1. 
2. Title: An ermine
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts an ermine (qāqum).

fol. 111a:

1. 
2. Title: A monkey
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 112a:

1. 
2. Title: A rhinoceros
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 113a:

1. 
2. Title: A dog
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 113b:

1. 
2. Title: A leopard
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a leopard (namir).

fol. 114a:

1. 
2. Title: An animal called nāmūr and a marten (sable)
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict an animal called nāmūr and a marten (sable) (sammūr).

fol. 115a:

1. 
2. Title: A turkey and a bird called abū harūz
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a turkey (abū barāqish) and a bird called abū harūz.

fol. 116a:

1. 
2. Title: A duck
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 116b:

1. 
2. Title: A hawk and a sparrow hawk
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a hawk (bādhī) and a sparrow hawk (bāshaq).

fol. 118a:

1. 
2. Title: A parrot and a nightingale
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 119a:

1. 
2. Title: An owl
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 119b:

1. 
2. Title: A pheasant and a bird called tabūṭ
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 120a:

1. 
2. Title: A bird called ḥāḍinat al-afʿá (viper’s dry nurse)
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 120b:

1. 
2. Title: A bustard
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a bustard (ḥubārá).

fol. 122a:

1. 
2. Title: A kite
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 124a:

1. 
2. Title: A pigeon
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 124b:

1. 
2. Title: A swift
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 125a:

1. 
2. Title: Two swallows
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 126a:

1. 
2. Title: Two bats and a francolin (a kind of partridge)
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict two bats (ḥaffāsh) and a francolin (a kind of partridge) (durrāj).

fol. 127b:

1. 
2. Title: A rooster
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 128b:

1. 
2. Title: A hen
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 129a:

1. 
2. Title: An eagle
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 129b:

1. 
2. Title: A crow
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a crow.

fol. 130a:

1. 
2. Title: A starling, a quail, and a royal falcon
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 130b:

1. 
2. Title: A bird called shafatīn, a green magpie, and a singing bird
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a bird called shafatīn, a green magpie (shiqrāq), and a singing bird (ṣāfir).

fol. 131a:

1. 
2. Title: A saker and a sea gull
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a saker (ṣaqr) and a sea gull.

fol. 131b:

1. 
2. Title: A peacock and a kind of partridge
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a peacock and a kind of partridge (ṭayhūj).

fol. 132a:

1. 
2. Title: A sparrow
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 133a:

1. 
2. Title: An eagle and a magpie
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 133b:

1. 
2. Title: A fabulous (legendary) bird such as a griffon or sīmurgh
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a fabulous (legendary) bird such as a griffon or sīmurgh (ʿanqā).

fol. 134a:

1. 
2. Title: A raven
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 134b:

1. 
2. Title: A crane and a heron (?)
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a crane and a heron (?) (ghawwāṣ).

fol. 135a:

1. 
2. Title: A ring-dove, a partridge, and a hoopoe
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 135b:

1. 
2. Title: A sand-grouse and a turtle-dove
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a sand-grouse (qaṭā) and a turtle-dove.

fol. 136a:

1. 
2. Title: An Indian bird called qūqīs and a crane
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict an Indian bird called qūqīs and a crane (kurkī).

fol. 136b:

1. 
2. Title: An Indian owl, a stork, and a heron
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict an Indian owl (kalīk), a stork (laqlaq), and a heron (mālik al-ḥazīn).

fol. 137a:

1. 
2. Title: A bird called makā and a vulture
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a bird called makā and a vulture (nasr).

fol. 137b:

1. 
2. Title: An ostrich and a bat
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict an ostrich and a bat (waṭwāṭ).

fol. 138a:

1. 
2. Title: A bird called yurāʿah (?) and a turtle-dove
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a bird called yurāʿah (?) and a turtle-dove (yamām).

fol. 139a:

1. 
2. Title: A viper
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a viper (afʿá).

fol. 139b:

1. 
2. Title: A large serpent and a locust
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a large serpent (thuʿbān) and a locust (jarād).

fol. 140a:

1. 
2. Title: A lizard
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a lizard (ḥayyah).

fol. 140b:

1. 
2. Title: Earthworms, a beetle, and a snake
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict earthworms (kharāṭīn), a beetle, and a snake.

fol. 141a:

1. 
2. Title: A turtle and a strange animal called ḍājah
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 141b:

1. 
2. Title: A scorpion and a mouse
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a scorpion and a mouse (fārah).

fol. 142a:

1. 
2. Title: A hedgehog and an insect called maḥl
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 142b:

1. 
2. Title: Two ants and two strange creatures that fly and live on islands
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict two ants and two strange creatures (ṭayyārīn) that fly and live on islands.

fol. 143a:

1. 
2. Title: A camel and three strange single-handed and single-legged creatures
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 143b:

1. 
2. Title: The demon ʿŪj ibn ʿUnuq carries a mountain with which to kill Moses and his men
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 144a:

1. 
2. Title: The creatures dabbābī (half-man, half-bear) and ḍabaghī (half-wolf, half-hyena)
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 145a:

1. 
2. Title: The creatures dhū raʾsayn (with two heads), ḥayyat al-nās (a snake with a human head), and lā raʾs (with no head)
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 145b:

1. 
2. Title: The men shaykh al-baḥr (sheik of the sea) and insān-i barr (man of the desert)
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 146a:

1. 
2. Title: The creatures zāgh abū ʿujwah (half-crow, half-man) and dhū al-badanayn (having two bodies)
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 146b:

1. 
2. Title: A two-winged fox
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a two-winged fox (thaʿlab dhū al-janāḥayn).

fol. 148b:

1. 
2. Title: A winged animal of Dhābikh Island and a red animal of Vaynah (Vīnah?) (Sea of China)
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 149a:

1. 
2. Title: Two-winged creatures of Vaynah (Vīnah?) Island
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 149b:

1. 
2. Title: Inhabitants of Dāmīnī and Vaynah (Vīnah?) islands
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 150a:

1. 
2. Title: Queen of the island of Vāqvāq
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 151a:

1. 
2. Title: Two jinni of Aṭūrān Island and three pygmies found in the sea
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 151b:

1. 
2. Title: A fabulous creature from Vaynah (Vīnah?) Island
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 152a:

1. 
2. Title: A fish and a large snake from Vaynah (Vīnah?) Island
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 154b:

1. 
2. Title: Palace on Qaṣr Island (Indian Ocean)
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 155a:

1. 
2. Title: Two neckless inhabitants of Ḥānah Island
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 155b:

1. 
2. Title: Dragon of Tannīn Island and horned rabit
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts the dragon of Tannīn Island that Alexander the Great (Iskandar) killed and the horned rabbit that its inhabitants gave him as a gift.

fol. 156b:

1. 
2. Title: Three types of fish from around Vaynah (Vīnah?) Island
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 158a:

1. 
2. Title: Two fish from the Vaynah (Vīnah?) seas
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 159b:

1. 
2. Title: A huge bird carries a man on its back
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 160b:

1. 
2. Title: A huge fish
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 161a:

1. 
2. Title: A fish with the head of an owl
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 163a:

1. 
2. Title: A sick person and creatures of Saksār Island
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 163b:

1. 
2. Title: A long-legged person who climbs on the shoulders of strangers
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 164a:

1. 
2. Title: A fish from the Vaynah (Vīnah?) seas
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 164b:

1. 
2. Title: A fish from the Vaynah (Vīnah?) seas
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 166a:

1. 
2. Title: A half-human, half-frog creature
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 166b:

1. 
2. Title: A fish from the Vaynah (Vīnah?) seas
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 168b:

1. 
2. Title: Two strange fish from the Vaynah (Vīnah?) seas
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 170b:

1. 
2. Title: A dragon of the Caspian Sea
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a dragon of the Caspian Sea (Baḥr al-Khazar).

fol. 171a:

1. 
2. Title: The monster of the Caspian Sea
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts the monster of the Caspian Sea bringing a gift to Nūshīrvān after he has built a wall of Yājūj and Mājūj (Gog and Magog).

fol. 171b:

1. 
2. Title: A sea-rabbit
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a sea-rabbit (arnab al-māʾ) (a fish that has the head of a rabbit).

fol. 172a:

1. 
2. Title: A man of the sea
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a man of the sea (insān al-māʾ).

fol. 172b:

1. 
2. Title: A bull of the sea
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a bull of the sea (baqar al-māʾ).

fol. 173a:

1. 
2. Title: A crocodile
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 173b:

1. 
2. Title: Three fish
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict three fish, the first called zāmūr, the second a dolphin, and the third called dhū bayān.

fol. 174a:

1. 
2. Title: A sea crab
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 174b:

1. 
2. Title: A skink
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 175a:

1. 
2. Title: A dragon
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 175b:

1. 
2. Title: A turtle
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 176a:

1. 
2. Title: Two fish called sayūṭ and saqnīn and a frog
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 176b:

1. 
2. Title: A water-horse
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a water-horse.

fol. 177a:

1. 
2. Title: An animal called fāṭūs, another called qanṭā, and a beaver
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict an animal called fāṭūs, another called qanṭā, and a beaver (qunduz).

fol. 177b:

1. 
2. Title: Two fish called qunfadh al-māʾ (water-hedgehog) and qūqī
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 178a:

1. 
2. Title: A water-dog and a swordfish
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a water-dog (kalb al-māʾ) and a swordfish (kūsaj).

fol. 182a:

1. 
2. Title: Mount Bīstūn and the carvings of Khusraw, Shīrīn, and Farhād (?)
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 187a:

1. 
2. Title: Aaron, the brother of Moses, and two angels
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts Aaron (Hārūn), the brother of Moses, and two angels.

fol. 189b:

1. 
2. Title: The talisman of Nahāvand: water pouring out of the mouths of a cow and a fish
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 190b:

1. 
2. Title: The monster of Gog and Magog
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts the monster of Gog and Magog (Yājūj va Mājūj).

fol. 196a:

1. 
2. Title: A man measures the level of the water in the Nile
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 202a:

1. 
2. Title: A king of Yaman in the company of two angels
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 203b:

1. 
2. Title: A myrtle tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a myrtle tree (ās).

fol. 204a:

1. 
2. Title: An ebony tree
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 204b:

1. 
2. Title: A citron tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a citron tree (utruj).

fol. 205a:

1. 
2. Title: A plum tree and a cypress tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a plum tree (ijjāṣ) and a cypress tree (azād).

fol. 205b:

1. 
2. Title: An acacia tree and a turpentine tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict an acacia tree (umm ghaylān) and a turpentine tree (buṭum).

fol. 206a:

1. 
2. Title: A balsam tree and an oak tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a balsam tree (balsān) and an oak tree (ballūṭ).

fol. 206b:

1. 
2. Title: An apple tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts an apple tree (tuffāḥ).

fol. 207a:

1. 
2. Title: A tree called tanūth and a mulberry tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a tree called tanūth and a mulberry tree (tūt).

fol. 207b:

1. 
2. Title: A fig tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a fig tree (tīn).

fol. 208a:

1. 
2. Title: A wild fig tree and a walnut tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a wild fig tree (jamīz) and a walnut tree (jawz).

fol. 208b:

1. 
2. Title: A peach tree and a tree called dār shīshʿān
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a peach tree (khūkh) and a tree called dār shīshʿān.

fol. 209a:

1. 
2. Title: A plane tree and a pomegranate tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a plane tree (dalb) and a pomegranate tree (rummān).

fol. 209b:

1. 
2. Title: An olive tree
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 210a:

1. 
2. Title: A quince tree, a cypress tree, and a sumac tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a quince tree (safarjal), a cypress tree (sarv), and a sumac tree.

fol. 210b:

1. 
2. Title: A red juniper tree and a cherry tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a red juniper tree (sandarūs) and a cherry tree (shabāb).

fol. 211a:

1. 
2. Title: A chestnut tree and a sandal tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a chestnut tree (shāh balūṭ) and a sandal tree.

fol. 211b:

1. 
2. Title: A pine tree and a terebinth tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a pine tree (ṣanawbar) and a terebinth tree (ḍirv).

fol. 212a:

1. 
2. Title: A tamarisk tree and a juniper tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a tamarisk tree (ṭarfā) and a juniper tree (ʿarʿar).

fol. 212b:

1. 
2. Title: A milky plant and an oak tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a milky plant (ʿashr) and an oak tree (ʿafṣ).

fol. 213a:

1. 
2. Title: A jujube tree and an aloeswood tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a jujube tree (ʿunnāb) and an aloeswood tree (ʿūd).

fol. 213b:

1. 
2. Title: Fruit (ghabīrā) of a tree called ghabrā and a poplar tree (gharab)
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict the fruit (ghabīrā) of a tree called ghabrā and a poplar tree (gharab).

fol. 214a:

1. 
2. Title: Pistachio of Syria and pepper of India
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 214b:

1. 
2. Title: A plant called qarnafīl
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 215a:

1. 
2. Title: A camphor tree
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 215b:

1. 
2. Title: A pear tree and lāghiyah plants
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a pear tree (kummathrā) and lāghiyah plants (perhaps lāʿiyah or Irish spurge).

fol. 216a:

1. 
2. Title: A frankincense tree and an almond tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a frankincense tree (lubān) and an almond tree.

fol. 217a:

1. 
2. Title: A lemon tree
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 218a:

1. 
2. Title: An apricot tree and a banana tree
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 218b:

1. 
2. Title: An orange tree and a coconut tree
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 219a:

1. 
2. Title: A lotus tree
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a lotus tree (nabq).

fol. 219b:

1. 
2. Title: A palm tree
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 220a:

1. 
2. Title: A jasmine bush and a rose bush
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 222b:

1. 
2. Title: A grape vine and a plant called the ears of the mouse
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a grape vine and a plant called the ears of the mouse (adhān al-fār).

fol. 223a:

1. 
2. Title: A plant called azarbūn and a plant called adkhar
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 223b:

1. 
2. Title: Rice, spinach, wild onion, and camel’s thorn (?)
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict rice, spinach, wild onion (isqīl), and camel’s thorn (?) (usturghāl).

fol. 224a:

1. 
2. Title: A plant called ishrāsh, saltwort, and wormwood
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a plant called ishrāsh, saltwort (ushnān), and wormwood (afsintīn).

fol. 224b:

1. 
2. Title: Chamomile, a plant called ashkūth, another type of chamomile called bābūnaj, and a plant called bādhāvard
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict chamomile (aqḥavān), a plant called ashkūth, another type of chamomile called bābūnaj, and a plant called bādhāvard.

fol. 225a:

1. 
2. Title: Two types of mountain balm and a broad bean
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict two types of mountain balm (bādranjbūyah and bādhrūj) and a broad bean (bāqilah).

fol. 225b:

1. 
2. Title: An eggplant, a plant called parsiyāvushān, and dungwort
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict an eggplant (bādinjān), a plant called parsiyāvushān, and dungwort (birinjāsf).

fol. 226a:

1. 
2. Title: An onion plant
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 226b:

1. 
2. Title: Melon, garlic, and violets
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict melon (battīkh), garlic (bulbūs), and violets (banafsaj).

fol. 227a:

1. 
2. Title: A plant called bavādīs and a plant called bahār
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 227b:

1. 
2. Title: A plant called bīsh (poisonous, resembling ginger) and Egyptian bean
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a plant called bīsh (poisonous, resembling ginger) and Egyptian bean (turmus).

fol. 228a:

1. 
2. Title: Garlic, millet, and watercress
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict garlic (thawm), millet (jāvrūsh), and watercress (jirjīr).

fol. 228b:

1. 
2. Title: Mace, a thorny plant called ḥāj, and thyme
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict mace (jiraz), a thorny plant called ḥāj, and thyme (ḥāshā).

fol. 229a:

1. 
2. Title: A plant called ḥarf, artichoke, wild rue, and a prickly plant that clings to the wool of sheep
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a plant called ḥarf, artichoke (ḥarshaf), wild rue (ḥarmal), and a prickly plant that clings to the wool of sheep (ḥask).

fol. 229b:

1. 
2. Title: Fenugreek, chickpea, and melilot
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict fenugreek (ḥulbah), chickpea (ḥimmiṣ), and melilot (ḥandaqūq).

fol. 230a:

1. 
2. Title: A colocynth plant
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: This illustration depicts a colocynth plant (ḥanẓal).

fol. 230b:

1. 
2. Title: Wheat and hellebore
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict wheat (ḥinṭah) and hellebore (kharbaq).

fol. 231a:

1. 
2. Title: Mustard, lettuce, and poppy
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict mustard (khardal), lettuce (khass), and poppy (khashkhāsh).

fol. 231b:

1. 
2. Title: Saffron of the fox, dog’s testicle, and marshmallow
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict saffron of the fox (ḥuṣṣat al-thaʿlab), dog’s testicle, and marshmallow (khaṭmī).

fol. 232a:

1. 
2. Title: A poisonous plant called diflá, red bramble, and cucumber
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a poisonous plant called diflá, red bramble (khamkham), and cucumber (khiyār).

fol. 232b:

1. 
2. Title: Yellow wallflower and a plant called zāzyābaj
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 233a:

1. 
2. Title: Sweet basil, rhubarb, and Indian spikenard
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict sweet basil (rayḥān), rhubarb (rībās), and Indian spikenard (sādaj).

fol. 233b:

1. 
2. Title: Saffron, rue, and lily of the valley
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 234a:

1. 
2. Title: Red anemones and turnip
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict red anemones (shaqāʾiq al-Nuʿmān) and turnip (shaljam).

fol. 234b:

1. 
2. Title: Spurge and sowbread
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict spurge (shibram) and sowbread (shajarat Maryam).

fol. 235b:

1. 
2. Title: Darnel, sesame, and wild thyme
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict darnel (shaylam), sesame (shūnīz), and wild thyme (ṣaʿtar).

fol. 236a:

1. 
2. Title: Tarragon, lentil, and fox grapes
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict tarragon, lentil, and fox grapes (ʿinab al-thaʿlab).

fol. 236b:

1. 
2. Title: Radish and a plant called qarfaj
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 237a:

1. 
2. Title: A plant called fajankast (?), mint, and tragacanth
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict a plant called fajankast (?), mint (fūtanj), and tragacanth (qatād).

fol. 237b:

1. 
2. Title: Cotton, a plant called qashshā, safflower, and wild qashshā
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict cotton, a plant called qashshā, safflower (qurṭum), and wild qashshā (qashshā-ʾi barrī).

fol. 238a:

1. 
2. Title: Hemp, cauliflower, and southernwood
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict hemp (qunnab), cauliflower (qunnabīṭ), and southernwood (qayṣūm).

fol. 238b:

1. 
2. Title: Ox tongue, flax, and leek
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict ox tongue (kāv zabān), flax, and leek (kurrāth).

fol. 239a:

1. 
2. Title: Meadow vetch, celery, and a plant called karūbā
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict meadow vetch (kirsinnah), celery, and a plant called karūbā.

fol. 239b:

1. 
2. Title: Coriander, a plant called kakrāsah (?), cumin, and mushrooms
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict coriander (kuzburah), a plant called kakrāsah (?), cumin, and mushrooms (kamāh, properly kamʾah).

fol. 240a:

1. 
2. Title: English ivy, plantain, and common ash
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict English ivy (lablāb), plantain (lisān al-ḥamal), and common ash (lisān al-ʿaṣāfīr).

fol. 240b:

1. 
2. Title: Mandrake, green beans, a plant called līnūfir (?), and Indian pulse (a sort of vetch)
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict mandrake (luffāḥ), green beans (lūbiyā), a plant called līnūfir (?), and Indian pulse (a sort of vetch) (māsh).

fol. 241a:

1. 
2. Title: A Persian plant called mādharyūn
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 241b:

1. 
2. Title: Cherry, a plant called mazarbikhūsh (?), and spikenard
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict cherry (māhūdānah), a plant called mazarbikhūsh (?), and spikenard (nārdīn).

fol. 242a:

1. 
2. Title: Three plants: narcissus (narjis), aniseed (nānkhvā), and wild rose (nasrīn)
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 242b:

1. 
2. Title: Peppermint and asparagus
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict peppermint (naʿnaʿ) and asparagus (halyūn, hilyawn).

fol. 243a:

1. 
2. Title: Wild chicory, a Yemeni plant called wars, and a variety of squash or pumpkin
3. Form: Illustration
4. Label: These illustrations depict wild chicory (hindibā), a Yemeni plant called wars, and a variety of squash or pumpkin (yaqṭīn).

fol. 256b:

1. 
2. Title: A crow (sitting on a tree), a rabbit, and a cat
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 257b:

1. 
2. Title: A parrot (sitting on a bull), a fish, and a snake
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 265b:

1. 
2. Title: The king of the jinnis enthroned in the company of two attendants
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 267b:

1. 
2. Title: The lion king surrounded by his subjects
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 269b:

1. 
2. Title: A meeting of the birds
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 271a:

1. 
2. Title: A group of birds
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 272b:

1. 
2. Title: An eel, a frog, a turtle, and other animals
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 273b:

1. 
2. Title: A dragon, a lizard, and other animals
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 277a:

1. 
2. Title: A camel being presented to an enthroned king
3. Form: Illustration

fol. 286a:

1. 
2. Title: A fox in the company of an enthroned king
3. Form: Illustration

The binding is not original.

Modern leather (no flap)

Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters bequest

Principal cataloger: Gacek, Adam

Catalogers: Landau, Amy; Smith, Sita

Editor: Bockrath, Diane

Conservators: Jewell, Stephanie; Quandt, Abigail

Contributors: Barrera, Christina; Emery, Doug; Herbert, Lynley; Noel, William; Simpson, Shreve; Tabritha, Ariel; Toth, Michael B.; Valle, Chiara

The Walters Art Museum

Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.