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W.3, Gospel Book

Abstract

This Gospel Book from the late tenth century has been attributed to the Benedictine Abbey of Fleury in the commune of Saint-BenoƮt-sur-Loire, France. Carolingian influence is visible in both the text and decoration of this manuscript. Notable artistic parallels exist between this manuscript and an early eleventh-century Reichenau Gospel book (Munich, Clm 4454). These parallels have been attributed to artistic cross-influences between Fleury and Reichenau, and may reflect shared dependence on a common earlier tradition. This Gospel Book contains twelve richly illuminated canon tables decorated with signs of the zodiac as well as human, zoomorphic, and vegetal forms. The canons are composed of arches surmounted by a lunette. Each Gospel begins with an elaborate initial decorated with beast interlace, as well as sprouting acanthus leaves. The pages facing the beginning of each Gospel were originally left blank, possibly indicating an original plan to include Evangelist portraits, which were common in this period. A small, off-center pen-drawn Evangelist portrait was added at the beginning of Matthew's Gospel sometime soon after the book's creation. The book was originally composed of nineteen perfect quires of eight, which reflects sophisticated planning for the physical composition of the book. It has been suggested that the narrow, elongated proportions of the book suggest its use as a liturgical text (Cahn, 1981), and indicate it was designed to accommodate an ivory diptych (type) on the front cover (Nordenfalk, 1973).

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    1. Upper board outside

      W.3, Upper board outside
    2. Upper board inside

      W.3, Upper board inside
    3. Front flyleaf i, r

      W.3, Front flyleaf i, r
    4. Front flyleaf i, v

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    5. Front flyleaf ii, r

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    6. Front flyleaf ii, v

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    7. Front flyleaf iii, r

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    8. Front flyleaf iii, v

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    9. Front flyleaf iv, r

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    10. Front flyleaf iv, v

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    11. fol. 1r

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    12. fol. 1v

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    307. Back flyleaf i, r

      W.3, Back flyleaf i, r
    308. Back flyleaf i, v

      W.3, Back flyleaf i, v
    309. Back flyleaf ii, r

      W.3, Back flyleaf ii, r
    310. Back flyleaf ii, v

      W.3, Back flyleaf ii, v
    311. Lower board inside

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    312. Lower board outside

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    313. Spine

      W.3, Spine
    314. Fore-edge

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    315. Head

      W.3, Head
    316. Tail

      W.3, Tail

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